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hello everyone

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i am yuta hiragawa a doctoral student at

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stoke university

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today i will talk about abiotic

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selective synthesis

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of ribose 5-prime phosphate in

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bullet-rich environment

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my research interest is the origin of

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life and

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the current drive uses two types of

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nucleic acid

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dna and rna

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a dna holds gene information

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rna catalyzes reaction to make protein

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and protein works as biocatalysts in our

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body rna can store

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genetic information and catalyze the

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reaction

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so some researchers think that

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primordial life

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used rna at gene information store

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and as a bio catalyst to do

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to duplicate themselves this thought

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is called rna world hypothesis

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based on this hypothesis rna formation

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is one of the essential steps for the

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rna is a polymer of nucleotides

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so we need to make nucleotide fast

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the nucleotide is consists of three

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components

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ribose nucleobase and

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the component of a nucleotide probably

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existed

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on the areas particularly in hypopolitic

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environments ribose

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and nuclear base will have formed by

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condensation reactions

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of small molecules such as formaldehyde

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and former mite some researchers also

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found

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these molecules in carbonaceous

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chondrite

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phosphate will have contained in

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phosphate minerals

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such as appetite and evaporation

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could condense these molecules

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so the bullet-rich aeropolitic

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environments

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could have accumulated the building

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blocks of

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the nucleotide formation from this small

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component

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is also investigated previous research

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reported that nucleotide could have

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found

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the nucleoside formation and

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following phosphorylation the

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phosphorylation reaction

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goes well using urea as a catalyst

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the nuclear site nucleotide synthesis is

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chemically possible

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but the possibility on the probiotic

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earth

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is questionable so the nucleus

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in a nucleotide formation has not

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nucleoside synthesis needs step-by-step

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reactions

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of small molecules it is unclear

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how geological events made such

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complicated reactions possible

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on the other hand phosphorylation is a

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port reaction we do not need a

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complicated procedure

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these results mean that phosphorylation

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is a simpler reaction

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than nucleoside formation it is

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difficult to assume

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that a complicated reaction occurred

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before a simple reaction

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so phosphorylation should have should

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have occurred

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before the nucleus had formation on the

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in addition traditional phosphates

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are different from biosynthesis

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current life makes nucleotide maybe a

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ribose phosphate formation

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and following nuclear based addition or

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nuclear based construction

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however the traditional pathway makes

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nucleotide for a nucleotide

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from nucleoside formation and its

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phosphorylation

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before the nucleotide formation

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is more reasonable for the nucleotide

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formation

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this bioanalysis pathway has partially

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succeeded

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previous research reported that

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nucleotide formation from sugar

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phosphate

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using small reactive molecules and

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uv right however no one reported the

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ribose fiber and phosphate formation

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and the probiotically plausible

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condition so

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this alternative pathway has not got

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we think that there are two difficulties

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to make arrivals vibrant phosphate low

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stability

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and low selectivity ribose

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is very unstable in heat condition and

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quickly turn to brown tile

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even if ribose can react with right area

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with phosphate

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ribose form a one prime phosphate

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selectively forms

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and ribose fibrin phosphate does not

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form

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to solve these problems we focused on

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bullet bullets have existed

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in the biopolitic environment on the

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areas

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board can stabilize sugar and

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ribose preferentially forms among all

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other pentoses

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birth-rich environment can contribute to

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the accumulation

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of rivals birds can stabilize

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ribose by forming this

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ribose bullet complex and control the

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phosphorylation

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site we thought that

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five prime hydroxyl arrivals could be

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phosphorylated

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in the presence of borate so we

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simulated

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the bullet-rich environment bullet-rich

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evaporative environment

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and conducted ribose phosphorylation

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experiment

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under the condition so the objective

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of this research is to investigate the

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effects of bullet

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point rich environment on the

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phosphorylation of ribose

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to find the new root new bio narrow

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here is the method for the experiment

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first

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we prepared the question containing

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ribose

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disording monophosphate boric acid

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and urea as a phosphorylation catalyst

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the sample was heated for 24 hours

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at 80 degree celsius

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the roots of microtubes were were opened

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to evaporate the solution

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after the experiment we added the

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sulfuric acid solution

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to the sample residue and the sample was

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heated again

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for one hour at 90 degree celsius

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to remove bullet and urea from the lipos

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and then we analyzed the sample by

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here is the result of the experiment the

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top

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of ribose phosphate the black line is 5

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brain phosphate

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the blue line is liposuction phosphate

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and the yellow line is ribose 3 prime

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phosphate

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the middle figure is the standard uh

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sorry the middle figure is the sample

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with bullet

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and the bottom figure is the sample

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reserved bullet

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the x-axis is the retention time and the

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y-axis

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is the intensity this shows that

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the sample peak sample peaks have the

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same retention time

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as the standard of lipos fibrin

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phosphate

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and have the different retention time as

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a standard of two prime and three prime

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phosphate

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formed

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in the reaction the yields were 22

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percent

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bullet

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is very high as the phosphorylation

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yield

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this result shows that bullets

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contribute to the

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we also evaluated the use of

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phosphorylated product

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of pentoses other than ribose here is

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the result

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the upper red figure is the israel's

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experiment

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the upper right is a rabinos and

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lower left is dyros and roar right

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is rich source the yields are

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22 percent in ribose eight percent in

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arabinose

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five percent in xyros and eleven percent

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in radicals

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so surprisingly the ribose phosphate

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have the highest yield among all of the

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penthouses

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here is the result in the sense of

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bullet

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the yields were four percent in rivals

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four percent in arabinose 2 percent in

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xylose

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and 2 by 17 resource

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so there was no apparent difference in

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the use in their sensor bullet

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these results show that bullets

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contribute to the preferential formation

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of ribose phosphates among all other

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ribose is very unstable sugar and

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other sugars must have existed

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on the probiotic earth so it has

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remained unclear

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five primordial life selected ribose

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as a nucleic acid component previous

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research

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found that bullet can contribute to the

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preferential formation of ribose

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we found that bullet can also contribute

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to the preferential phosphorylation

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of ribose this finding shows that

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bullet can increase the sensitivity of

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ribose

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in not only sugar formation but also

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ribose fibrin phosphate could be

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preferentially formed

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in the presence of bullet these findings

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open the new biologists route for

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nucleotide

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in this root phosphorylation of garlic

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fast

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and nuclear based combined weight this

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root is closer to

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biosynthesis in contrast to the

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traditional

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roots nucleoside formation and

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in this study we found that a

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bullet-rich

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environment could contribute to the

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preferential formation

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of labor's fibrillar phosphate a further

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chemical evolution for

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rna will have occurred in the same

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environment

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so this result indicates that the

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bullet-rich environment

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could have been could have been a

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probable place for the origin

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of nucleotides and rna